A flat roof fails at its edges and its joints long before the middle gives up, which is why patching one rarely holds. We strip back to the deck, check the fall so water actually runs off, then re-cover in EPDM rubber, fibreglass or felt depending on the roof. On most extensions and garages it is a one or two day job.

A flat roof is not flat, it has a slight fall so water leaves. If it is ponding, re-covering it without correcting the deck just buries the problem.
The old covering comes off entirely. Soft or rotten boards get replaced, because a new membrane over a soft deck will fail at exactly the same spot.
EPDM rubber goes down in a single sheet with no seams across the field, which is why it suits extensions and garages. Fibreglass gives a harder wearing finish where a roof gets walked on. Felt still has its place. We will explain which we are recommending and why.
Most flat roofs leak at the perimeter, so the detail where the covering meets the wall or the trim is where the care goes.
Water is run onto the roof before we leave so you can see it drains where it should.
Send a photograph of the problem and you will get a straight answer on what it needs, at no cost.
A well laid rubber roof on a sound deck is a long term covering rather than a patch. Manufacturers quote decades. The deck underneath and the edge detailing matter more than the sheet itself, which is why we do not cut corners on either.
We would not recommend it. You cannot see the state of the deck, you cannot correct the fall, and you inherit whatever is already wrong under there.
Rubber for most extensions, garages and dormers because it goes down seamless. Fibreglass where the roof gets walked on or where the shape is complicated. Felt where it suits the building and the budget. We will tell you which we would use on your roof.
If the ponding is caused by the fall then yes, because we correct the deck. If the roof was built flat with no fall at all, we will tell you what it would take to fix properly before you commit.
Yes. Dormer tops, small balconies and porch roofs are all flat roofing jobs and the same principles apply.