The fascia carries your guttering and the soffit closes the gap underneath it. When they rot, the gutter sags and pulls away, and water gets behind the roof edge into the ends of the rafters, which is a considerably bigger job than the roofline itself.

Roofline damage is almost always worse than it looks, because the visible board hides the rafter ends behind it.
Rotten rafter feet get cut out and spliced rather than boxed over. Capping over rot is the most common shortcut in this trade and it buys about three years.
New fascia and soffit fixed to solid timber, ventilation kept or improved so the roof space still breathes.
Gutter rehung to a proper fall, brackets at the right spacing, downpipes reconnected.
Eaves sealed against birds and squirrels without blocking the ventilation the roof needs.
Send a photograph of the problem and you will get a straight answer on what it needs, at no cost.
It is offered a lot because it is quick and cheap. We would rather not: if the timber underneath is wet it stays wet, and you find out in a few years when the gutter comes down.
UPVC on most modern housing because it does not need painting. Painted timber on period property and in conservation areas where plastic would look wrong.
Usually yes. It is work at height along a whole elevation, and it is safer and neater from a scaffold.
It can help a great deal, because eaves ventilation often gets blocked when insulation is topped up. We keep the airflow when we rebuild it.
Yes, and it is common. The elevation that takes the weather usually goes first.